Human sex trafficking is a hidden crime that thrives on coercion, fear, and exploitation. Victims are often manipulated or forced into situations where they feel powerless to escape. Recognizing the signs can help identify victims and offer them a lifeline.

Even small actions, like noticing unusual behavior or reaching out for help, can make a difference. Here’s how to spot someone who might be trapped in this nightmare.

Physical Indicators

Victims often bear visible marks of their ordeal. Look for unexplained bruises, cuts, or burns. These are signs of physical abuse. Tattoos, especially of names, money symbols, or barcodes, can signal branding by traffickers, a common control tactic. 

Poor hygiene, malnourishment, or untreated injuries might also hint at neglect or confinement. These clues suggest someone’s body is telling a story they can’t voice aloud.

Behavioral Red Flags

Behavior can scream what words won’t. Victims may seem overly fearful, anxious, or submissive, avoiding eye contact or authority figures like police. They might defer to someone else—often an older “boyfriend” or “manager”—who answers for them or controls their movements.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security points out that appearing coached or rehearsed in responses is a giveaway. Watch for someone who can’t leave freely or seems disconnected from friends and family.

Lifestyle Clues

Traffickers often manipulate victims with gifts or isolation. Expensive items like new phones or jewelry without a clear source of income can be a lure or reward. Victims might live where they work, like illicit massage parlors or hotels, or be shuttled by guards. 

Minors in commercial sex, even “willingly,” are legally victims—no coercion required. An older companion calling the shots could be a trafficker or handler in disguise.

Emotional and Situational Hints

Depression, withdrawal, or drug use might signal a victim’s coping mechanism. Runaways or homeless youth are prime targets, exploited within 48 hours of leaving home. If someone’s story doesn’t add up or they lack ID, that’s a red flag, too.

If You Notice These Signs

If you suspect trafficking or feel at risk, confidential support is a call away. Dial the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 1-888-373-7888 or text “HELP” to 233733 for round-the-clock assistance. They’ll link you to nearby shelters and services. 

In an emergency, don’t hesitate—call 911.